RFID, Radio Frequency
Identity as the name implies, is a unique identity that can be read over radio
frequency. Because over radio frequency (RF), the data is transferred
wirelessly, which means between RFID tags / cards with RFID reader not need intersect
/ stick. Quite approximated about 1-5 cm, then the RFID card can be read by an
RFID reader.
RFID we are talking about is the type of passive RFID. This
means that RFID card does not have its own power supply. This kind of RFID
cards gets power from the RFID reader which is brought near to it wirelessly.
Thus the type of passive RFID can only be used for short distances (up to 5
cm).
Note: in its development, then emerge RFID active tag that has its own power supply. For such kind of RFID ‘slave’ can be read more distant (> 1 m), depending on its power level and carrier frequency.
RFID Mifare RC522 at a Glance
RC522 RFID is a RFID module product from NXP. This module
works at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. The price is relatively cheap, below $2. The
module has several options of communication such as SPI, I2C and UART. You can
choose one of them which is compatible with your current system. For example,
if you have a lot of unused Arduino pins, you can use SPI protocol (it takes at
least 5 pin to work with SPI), or if you want to save Arduino’s pinouts, you
can use the I2C / UART protocol (only need 2 pins). Just keep in mind if you're
using an Arduino Uno board, it has only one UART port, of course, you have to
re-think UART protocol to control the RC522 module (usually Arduino Uno’s UART
port is used to debug program in Serial Monitor Window)
Note: SPI = Serial Peripheral Interface, I2C = Inter-Integrated Circuit, UART = Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter). SPI and I2C (also called IIC) is a synchronous serial protocol, whereas UART is an asynchronous serial communication.
RC522 RFID Module Specification
Voltage: DC 3.3V
Flow: 13-26mA (10-13mA idle, sleep: <80uA, Peak:
<30mA)
Working frequency: 13.56MHz
Supported Cards: Mifare1 S50, S70 Mifare1, MIFARE
UltraLight, MIFARE Pro, mifare Desfire
Dimensions module: 40mm × 60mm
Ambient operating temperature: - 20-80 degrees centigrade
Ambient storage temperature: - 40-85 degrees centigrade
Ambient relative humidity: 5% -95%
Data Transfer Rate (SPI): Max. 10Mbit / s
RFID RC522 Arduino Configuration
To read RC522 MIFARE RFID data with Arduino, connect the
module with Arduino as follows. In this tutorial I will cite how to communicate
with the module using SPI protocol. Here is the configuration of all hardware.
Arduino
|
Modul RFID RC522
|
9
|
RST
|
10
|
SDA
|
11
|
MOSI
|
12
|
MISO
|
13
|
SCK
|
3,3V
|
3,3V
|
GND
|
GND
|
RFID RC522 Arduino Circuit
Here is a series of Arduino - RC522 Mifare RFID module using
the SPI protocol to communicate with. Note that the module uses 3.3 V, do not try
connects it to Arduino’s 5V pin because it can cause damage the module.
RFID RC522 Arduino Sketch Handler
After the hardware connection is already assembled, please
upload sketch handler for RC522 RFID module. For convenience you can download a
special library for this module here. Add this library into your Arduino IDE.
Inside the library there are also examples of the source code, so it can be
learned for your custom needs. To try your RFID module, you can upload sketch
'ReadNUID.ino' in menu File-examples-MFRC522-ReadNUID. The sketch is as
follows:
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>
#define SS_PIN 10
#define RST_PIN 9
MFRC522 rfid(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);
MFRC522::MIFARE_Key key;
byte nuidPICC[4];
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
SPI.begin(); // Init
SPI bus
rfid.PCD_Init(); //
Init MFRC522
for (byte i = 0; i
< 6; i++) {
key.keyByte[i] =
0xFF;
}
Serial.println(F("Kode NUID RFID"));
printHex(key.keyByte, MFRC522::MF_KEY_SIZE);
}
void loop() {
if ( !
rfid.PICC_IsNewCardPresent())
return;
if ( !
rfid.PICC_ReadCardSerial())
return;
Serial.print(F("PICC : "));
MFRC522::PICC_Type
piccType = rfid.PICC_GetType(rfid.uid.sak);
Serial.println(rfid.PICC_GetTypeName(piccType));
// checkk PICC
if (piccType !=
MFRC522::PICC_TYPE_MIFARE_MINI &&
piccType !=
MFRC522::PICC_TYPE_MIFARE_1K &&
piccType !=
MFRC522::PICC_TYPE_MIFARE_4K) {
Serial.println(F("kartu Anda bukan MIFARE Classic..."));
return;
}
if
(rfid.uid.uidByte[0] != nuidPICC[0] ||
rfid.uid.uidByte[1] != nuidPICC[1] ||
rfid.uid.uidByte[2] != nuidPICC[2] ||
rfid.uid.uidByte[3] != nuidPICC[3] ) {
Serial.println(F("kartu RFID baru terdeteksi"));
// Store NUID into
nuidPICC array
for (byte i = 0; i
< 4; i++) {
nuidPICC[i] =
rfid.uid.uidByte[i];
}
Serial.println(F("The NUID tag is:"));
Serial.print(F("In hex: "));
printHex(rfid.uid.uidByte, rfid.uid.size);
Serial.println();
Serial.print(F("In dec: "));
printDec(rfid.uid.uidByte, rfid.uid.size);
Serial.println();
}
else
Serial.println(F("Card read previously."));
// Halt PICC
rfid.PICC_HaltA();
// Stop encryption
on PCD
rfid.PCD_StopCrypto1();
}
void printHex(byte *buffer, byte bufferSize) {
for (byte i = 0; i
< bufferSize; i++) {
Serial.print(buffer[i] < 0x10 ? " 0" : " ");
Serial.print(buffer[i],
HEX);
}
}
void printDec(byte *buffer, byte bufferSize) {
for (byte i = 0; i
< bufferSize; i++) {
Serial.print(buffer[i] < 0x10 ? " 0" : " ");
Serial.print(buffer[i], DEC);
}
}
Upload the script above, and enable Serial Monitor window to
view data in the RFID cards. This card usually included in purchasing package. Good
luck.
A blogger, electro-hobbyst, freelancer n technopreneur. I'm an Indonesian, I did my best to make tutorial without spelling errors, please CMIIW or if something burned your eyes..
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